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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q163-Q168):

NEW QUESTION # 163
If Bobby is currently assigned the following policy, what additional policy can be added to ensure Bobby cannot access the data stored at secret/apps/confidential but still read all other secrets?
path "secret/apps/*" { capabilities = ["create", "read", "update", "delete", "list"] }

A. path "secret/apps/confidential/*" { capabilities = ["deny"] }
B. path "secret/*" { capabilities = ["read", "deny"] }
C. path "secret/apps/*" { capabilities = ["deny"] }
D. path "secret/apps/confidential" { capabilities = ["deny"] }

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Denies all access to secret/apps/confidential, overriding the original policy's permissions. Correct.
* B:Applies to all secret/*, overly restrictive and unclear with mixed capabilities. Incorrect.
* C:Denies all secret/apps/*, blocking more than required. Incorrect.
* D:Denies subpaths under confidential, not the path itself. Incorrect.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"A deny capability takes precedence over any allow... Use it to restrict specific paths." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#capabilities

NEW QUESTION # 164
You are configuring your application to retrieve a new PKI certificate upon provisioning. The Vault admins have given you an AppRole role-id and secret-id to inject into the CI/CD pipeline job that provisions your app. The application uses the credentials to successfully authenticate to Vault using the API. Which of the following is true about the step next required after authenticating to Vault?

A. The initial API response should include the new PKI certificate and no further action is required
B. Now that the app is authenticated, it can simply make another API request for the PKI certificate
C. The client token needs to be retrieved from the API response before requesting the new PKI certificate
D. The app still needs to use the role-id and secret-id to request the new PKI certificate via API

Answer: C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
After authenticating with AppRole using the role-id and secret-id via the API (e.g., POST /v1/auth/approle
/login), Vault returns a response containing a client_token. This token must be extracted for subsequent requests, such as retrieving a PKI certificate. The Vault documentation states:
"When you use the Vault API to authenticate, the Vault API response will include a client_token that is tied to a specific policy. Once you receive that response, it is up to the user (or application) to parse that response and retrieve the token. Once the token is retrieved, a second API request needs to be sent to Vault to request the new PKI certificate."
-Vault API: AppRole
* A: Correct. The client_token from the response (e.g., under .auth.client_token) is required for the next request (e.g., POST /v1/pki/issue/<role>):
"The client token is necessary to make subsequent requests to Vault, including requesting the new PKI certificate."
-Vault API Documentation
* B: Incorrect. Authentication doesn't return a PKI certificate; a separate request is needed.
* C: Incorrect. The role-id and secret-id are for authentication, not certificate retrieval:
"Authentication and interaction with a secrets engine are separate actions."
-Vault API: AppRole
* D: Partially true but vague; it omits the critical step of retrieving the token first.
References:
Vault API: AppRole
Vault PKI Secrets Engine

NEW QUESTION # 165
What features are offered by the Vault Agent? (Select three)

A. Templating
B. Auto-auth
C. Auditing
D. Secret caching

Answer: A,B,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
TheVault Agentis a client-side daemon with these features:
* B. Templating: "Allows rendering of user-supplied templates by Vault Agent," integrating secrets into configs.
* C. Auto-auth: "Automatically authenticate to Vault and manage token renewal," simplifying auth workflows.
* D. Secret caching: "Allows client-side caching of responses," reducing Vault load.
* Incorrect Option:
* A. Auditing: Handled by Vault's audit devices, not Agent. "Auditing is typically handled by enabling audit devices." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/v1.16.x/agent-and-proxy/agent

NEW QUESTION # 166
Mike's Cereal Shack uses Vault to encrypt customer data to ensure it is always stored securely. They are developing a new application integration to send new customer data to be encrypted using the following API request:
text
CollapseWrapCopy
$ curl
--header "X-Vault-Token: hvs.sf4vj1rFV5PvQSV3M9dcv832brxQFsfbXA"
--request POST
--data @data.json
https://vault.mcshack.com:8200/v1/transit/encrypt/customer-data
What would be contained within the data.json file?

A. Ciphertext to be decrypted
B. Transit secrets engine configuration file
C. Cleartext customer data to be encrypted
D. The encryption key to be used for encrypting the data

Answer: C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The data.json file in this API request contains the data to be encrypted by the Transit secrets engine. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "When executing any call to the Vault API, data can be sent using an external file as shown above. In this case, the contents of the file would be cleartext customer data that needs to be encrypted by the transit secrets engine." Specifically, for the /transit/encrypt/ endpoint, it explains: "The API expects a JSON payload with a plaintext field containing the base64-encoded data to encrypt." The documentation elaborates under "Encrypt Data": "The request body must include the plaintext parameter, which is the base64-encoded version of the data you want to encrypt. For example: {"plaintext": "base64- encoded-data"}." Here,D (Cleartext customer data to be encrypted)fits this requirement-customer data in cleartext, base64-encoded, sent for encryption.A (Transit config)is managed in Vault, not sent.B (Ciphertext) is the output, not input.C (Encryption key)is stored in Vault, not provided by the client. Thus, D is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit API: Encrypt Data

NEW QUESTION # 167
The following three policies exist in Vault. What do these policies allow an organization to do?

A. Encrypt, decrypt, and rewrap data using the transit engine all in one policy
B. Create a transit encryption key for encrypting, decrypting, and rewrapping encrypted data
C. Nothing, as the minimum permissions to perform useful tasks are not present
D. Separates permissions allowed on actions associated with the transit secret engine

Answer: A

Explanation:
The three policies that exist in Vault are:
* admins: This policy grants full access to all secrets and operations in Vault. It can be used by administrators or operators who need to manage all aspects of Vault.
* default: This policy grants access to all secrets and operations in Vault except for those that require specific policies. It can be used as a fallback policy when no other policy matches.
* transit: This policy grants access only to the transit secrets engine, which handles cryptographic functions on data in-transit. It can be used by applications or services that need to encrypt or decrypt data using Vault.
These policies allow an organization to perform useful tasks such as:
* Encrypting, decrypting, and rewrapping data using the transit engine all in one policy: This policy grants access to both the transit secrets engine and the default policy, which allows performing any operation on any secret in Vault.
* Creating a transit encryption key for encrypting, decrypting, and rewrapping encrypted data: This policy grants access only to the transit secrets engine and its associated keys, which are used for encrypting and decrypting data in transit using AES-GCM with a 256-bit AES key or other supported key types.
* Separating permissions allowed on actions associated with the transit secret engine: This policy grants access only to specific actions related to the transit secrets engine, such as creating keys or wrapping requests. It does not grant access to other operations or secrets in Vault.

NEW QUESTION # 168
......

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